Коротко про підмет та присудок у англійській мові у форматі таблмці.
Підмет (Subject)
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Може бути виражений: |
Приклади |
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Іменником |
The train has arrived at the station. Paper is made from wood. |
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Займенником |
He believes in ghosts. Nobody’s perfect. |
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Інфінітивом |
To find a good nurse will be impossible here. To fly a helicopter is my old desire. |
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Герундієм |
Reading serious books bores children. Rafting in this river is very dangerous. |
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Словами it, there, they, one, you, we |
It’s noisy here. There’s a new bar not far from here. They say this summer will be hot. One cannot work without rest. You should do your best at all times. |
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Субстантивованими словами (словами, що перейшли до класу іменників) |
The unknown is always interesting. Three were absent from the meeting. |
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Довільними словами в значенні іменників |
‘The’ is the definite article ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was filmed again. |
Присудок (Predicate)
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Типи присудка |
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Дієслівний Verbal Виражає дію |
Іменний Nominal Виражає стан, властивості, факти |
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Простий Simple |
Складений Compound |
Складений Compound Дієслово-зв’язка + іменна частина (предикатив) |
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Модальний Modal (can, may, must, ought to, etc + інфінітив) |
Аспектний Aspective (begin, finish, want, like, try, happen, turn out, hope, etc. + інфінітив/герундій) |
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He jumps. She was seen. |
We must have missed them. You should see him. |
He likes walking in the rain. She turned out to be a good swimmer. |
He’s a good writer. She seemed perfectly happy. |
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Склад іменного присудку |
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Дієслово-зв’язка (a link verb) виділяються наступні види: |
Предикатив може бути виражений: |
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«бути»: be, look, sound, feel, taste, smell |
He looks ill. The soup tasted salty. |
іменником |
My father is an engineer. |
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прикметником |
Her voice became angry. |
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«ставати»: get, grow, become, turn |
She turned very pale. It’s getting dark. |
дієприкметником |
The chair is broken. |
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займенником |
This bag is hers. |
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«залишатися»: remain, keep, go on, stay |
She keeps physically fit. |
числівником |
She was 50 last Monday. |
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інфінітивом |
My dream is to see Karpaty. |
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«здаватися»: seem, appear |
They seem interested. |
герундієм |
His hobby is playing chess. |