Пропонуємо ознайомитися із таблицею, в якій коротко описано утворення і особливості вживання пасивного стану (The Passive Voice) в англійській мові. Також перегляньте інший матеріал про пасивний стан на цю тему на нашому сайті.
Утворення
і особливості вживання пасивного стану The Passive Voice
| to be (у потрібній формі) + Past Participle | ||||
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice | ||
| Simple | Present | He writes a new play every time the theatre asks for it. |
A new play is written by him every time the theatre asks for it. |
|
| Past | He wrote a new play last month. | A new play was written by him last month. | ||
| Future | He will write a new play some day. | A new play will be written by him some day. | ||
| Continuous | Present | He is writing a new play now. | A new play is being written by him now. | |
| Past | He was writing a new play when we came to see him. |
A new play was being written by
him when we came |
||
| Future | He will be writing a new play on holiday. |
He вживається | ||
| Perfect | Present | He has just written a new play. | A new play has just been written by him. | |
| Past | He had written a new play by then. | A new play had been written by him by then. | ||
| Future | He will have written a new play by the end of the year. |
A new play will have been written by him by the end of the year. |
||
| Perfect Continuous | Present | He has been writing a new
play since last |
He вживається | |
| Past | He had been writing a new play for a month when he fell ill. |
He вживається | ||
| Future | He will have been writing a new play for 15 years by 2005. | He вживається | ||
| Особливості вживання | ||||
| Підмет пасивного стану може ставати як прямим, так і непрямим додатком. |
Serg gave me a pen. —
A pen was given to me by Serg. (прямий додаток). I was given a pen by Serg. (непрямий додаток) |
|||
| В пасивному стані не вживаються дієслова становища appear, belong, consist, cost, depend, exist, detest, have, lack, fit, owe, matter, doubt і т.п. |
The work of the whole group depends on him. Strange ideas exist in her He was lacking in common |
|||
| В пасивному стані не вживаються дієслова з пасивним значенням sell, wash, wear, read, bake, clean, reprint і т.п. |
This wine is selling quickly. These clothes wash well. Her novel is reprinting already. |
|||
| Дієслова, які потребують прийменникової конструкції, в пасивному стані прийменник зберігають. |
They laughed at him. — He was laughed at. I can depend on her. — She We’ll look into this matter |
|||